0.25 and p.ß<.ß0.05.įig.ß1 Patients with severe anaemia present a distinct inflammatory profile. The Spearman rank test was used to assess correlations between Hb and biomarkers in each group/condition, where correlations were considered statistically significant if |rho|. The Mann.Whitney U test (for two unmatched groups) and Kruskal.Wallis test (for more than 2 unmatched groups) were used to compare continuous variables. The Pearson chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables between study groups. Categorical variables were described using frequency (no.) and proportions (%). Descriptive statistics were used to present data, and median values with interquartile ranges (IQR) were used as measures of central tendency and dispersion, for continuous variables. Given the small number of missing values, and that there are continuous data, the predictive mean matching method was used for data imputation through the R package.

Approximately 0.4.1.78% of the data on measurements of inflammatory biomarkers were missing. The data analysis plan is found in the Supplementary Material 3. Prior to the evaluation of the study database to answer to accomplish the aims of this study, all analyses were pre-specified. HIV viral load, CD4 and CD8 T cells counts, Hb, white blood cell count (WBC), platelets, and glucose were measured by each site's clinical laboratory with approved assays. Thus, we measured biomarkers involved in inflammation (CRP, IL-6, IL-8, MPO, TNF), coagulation (D-dimer), myeloid activation (TF, CXCL10, sCD14, sCD163) and lymphoid function (IL-2, IL-27, IFN-.). Finally, hyaluronic acid (HA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), soluble cluster differentiation 14.ß(sCD14), sCD163, and tissue factor (TF) were measured by.ßenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the manufacturer's instructions.

D-dimer was measured by enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELFA) on a VIDAS instrument (bioMerieux). (IFN-.), and tissue necrosis factor (TNF), we used electrochemiluminescence by Meso Scale Discovery (MSD, MD). To measure C Reactive Protein (CRP), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-27, interferon.

The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacificīiomarkers were batch-tested in the same laboratory, from cryopreserved plasma collected from participants pre-ART.

The Lancet Regional Health – Southeast Asia.

The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology.

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